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Craft Production Characteristics: - Low order frequency and low demand volume - Single piece production based on a customer order - Every product is custom made to a specification - Highly variable quality with long lead times - Very labor intense and expensive - Required highly specialized workers or craftsmenMass Production Characteristics: - Moving assembly lines promote material flow - Interchangeable parts and standardization - Division of labor and Scientific Management - Large batch production with forecast scheduling - Low variety and large inventories - Long lead times on custom parts

    Eli Whitney pushed the country away from craft production and toward industrialization with the creation of the cotton gin which demonstrated his ideas of mechanization and later with his idea and design of interchangeable parts.      Another major push toward mass production came from Frederick W. Taylor as he popularized the principles of Scientific Management, advocating time and motion studies and division of labor in the workplace.      But the real credit for the launch of the first full-scale “Mass Production System" goes to Henry Ford as he incorporated many of these developing manufacturing methods into his automobile manufacturing plant and realized great economies of scale and other benefits.
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